<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="96" public="1" featured="0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://usmc.oxomeka.org/items/show/96?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-05-05T22:18:03-07:00">
  <fileContainer>
    <file fileId="202">
      <src>https://usmc.oxomeka.org/files/original/97686493ba78bca7afc53b7926df0c09.jpg</src>
      <authentication>f3e64159483ef9cc2298fdbd6732e790</authentication>
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1420">
                  <text>A rose as the cover image of the Bosnian Muslim Association's Facebook page.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1421">
                  <text>Bosnian Muslim Association of Clearwater</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1422">
                  <text>https://www.facebook.com/BosnianMuslimAssociation/about</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </file>
  </fileContainer>
  <collection collectionId="30">
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1509">
                <text>This collection documents 29 cases of public opposition towards American Muslim cemetery building projects from 2002 to 2023. Each case contains a narrative that describes its events, which was compiled through analyzing newspaper archives via NewsBank and NexisUni.&#13;
&#13;
The primary challenge American Muslim communities face when establishing cemeteries is obtaining administrative approval from an entity such as a city council or board of commissioners. Residents' concerns related to groundwater contamination, lowered property values, and aesthetics often pressure authorities to deny cemetery projects. These reasons for opposition differ from those involving mosques, which tend to focus on increased traffic, violations of noise ordinances, and the potential for terrorism.&#13;
&#13;
This collection is more comprehensive than other compilations of cemetery cases, which cover a limited timeframe, are no longer current, or need to be updated (e.g., Pew Research Center 2012, Younes 2017, ACLU 2017, New America 2018, HuffPost 2024). However, it does not fully represent all controversies surrounding American Muslim cemeteries, as it focuses on post-2000 cases and does not include cases of vandalism against established cemeteries.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1510">
                <text>Ryan Wang</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1512">
                <text>Cemeteries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1513">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1514">
                <text>Oxford College of Emory University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1515">
                <text>Current and former Oxford College of Emory University students: Sofia Fonti, Ben Damon, Geneva Cunningham, Ameer Alnasser, Nadira Hassan, Chloe Peyrebrune, Lauren Yee, Ammarah Ahmed, Alexander Cleveland, Ehren Fernandez, Andres Lebed Wright, Bryce Bentinck, Rahim Khan Alidina, Ayman Badawy, George Drakos, Shahmeer Khan, and Snehitha Vardhineni.&#13;
&#13;
Project supervisor: Dr. Florian Pohl</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </collection>
  <itemType itemTypeId="19">
    <name>Case</name>
    <description>Use this Item Type to create the case Item Pages for the U.S. Mosque Controversies site.</description>
    <elementContainer>
      <element elementId="62">
        <name>Narrative</name>
        <description>Enter the narrative about the case here.</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1409">
            <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The Bosnian Member Association (BMA) of Clearwater faced considerable opposition to its proposal to establish a green burial cemetery near Istachatta, in northern Hernando County. The BMA applied for a special exception permit from the Hernando County Planning and Zoning Commission to use a 5.2-acre plot near a subdivision. The land in question was zoned as agricultural. Despite the Planning Department’s recommendation for approval, the proposal was unanimously disapproved by the planning commissioners, who held that the subdivision was not a suitable location for a cemetery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The cemetery proposal was rooted in Bosnian tradition and closely aligned with the practices of the growing green burial movement. According to Vedad Sakovic, president of the BMA, the cemetery would have featured wooden slabs or crosses as markers, with bodies buried without embalming in wooden caskets designed to decompose quickly (Bates, 2007, Feb 14). Sue Hughes, a Brooksville Realtor representing the BMA, emphasized the natural aspect of this burial method, noting its environmental benefits over traditional embalming and the use of pesticides and herbicides in conventional cemeteries (ibid.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Despite these assurances, residents of Deerhaven Estates and the planning commissioners remained unconvinced. Twenty local residents attended the planning commission meeting to voice their opposition. They expressed a variety of concerns, ranging from personal fears to environmental and social impacts. Some worried about wildlife disturbing the graves and the potential for criminal activities, while others implored the commissioners to preserve the area’s natural state (Skerritt, 2007, Feb 21). Concerns about property values were also raised. One neighbor expressed discomfort with the fact that the cemetery would be for Muslims, feeling excluded from being buried in a cemetery close to his home (Dewitt, 2007, Feb 13). Sakovic clarified that the cemetery would be inclusive, accommodating the BMA’s diverse membership, including members of the Catholic and Orthodox churches, as well as Muslims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The Planning and Zoning Commission raised concerns about the cemetery's long-term maintenance. Planning Commissioner Anna Liisa Covell questioned who would be responsible for the property's upkeep if the BMA were to disband or relocate. She also worried that bodies from the green, environmentally friendly cemetery would pollute the aquifer and contaminate the drinking water (Bates, 2007, Feb 14). Despite the County Planning Department’s recommendation for approval, the Planning and Zoning Commission voted unanimously against the cemetery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;After the commission meeting, Sakovic stated that the BMA would not continue to pursue the project in Hernando County. "It's not a place we want to be," said Sakovic. "We want a neighborhood that would welcome us" (Skerritt, 2007, Feb 21).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;References&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Skerritt, A. (2007, February 21). Prejudice runs 6 feet deep. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;St. Petersburg Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, p. 2; 2; 2. Available from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.library.emory.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&amp;amp;docref=news/11773C64F2D0ED28"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;NewsBank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;D. Bates, M. (2007, February 14). Hernando Rejects Request to allow Bosnian Cemetery: Nearby subdivision was deciding factor. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Tampa Tribune&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, p. 5. Available from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.library.emory.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&amp;amp;docref=news/117517E82104B2A0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;NewsBank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dewitt, D. (2007, February 13). Green burials voted down. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;St. Petersburg Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, p. 1. Available from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.library.emory.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&amp;amp;docref=news/11749A1FEBC96190"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;NewsBank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="52">
        <name>Case Number</name>
        <description>Enter the case number in this field using the format: Case No. XX_00 (e.g. Case No. Ga_01)</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1411">
            <text>Case No. FL_09</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="4">
        <name>Location</name>
        <description>The location of the interview</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1412">
            <text>Hernando County, FL</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="65">
        <name>Year</name>
        <description>Year the case began.</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1413">
            <text>2007</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="54">
        <name>Address</name>
        <description>Enter the full address, if it is available.</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1414">
            <text>Cherokee Road at Deerhaven Estates, Brooksville, FL 34601</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="57">
        <name>Proposed Project</name>
        <description/>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1415">
            <text>The BMA applied for a special exception permit to use a 5.2-acre plot zoned as agricultural as a cemetery.</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="59">
        <name>Proposed By</name>
        <description>List the entity (legal entity or community name) that proposed the project.</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1416">
            <text>&lt;a href="https://www.facebook.com/BosnianMuslimAssociation/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Bosnian Member Association of Clearwater&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="60">
        <name>Type of Opposition</name>
        <description>Public Campaign, Vandalism, Legal Action, Local Ordinance</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1417">
            <text>Public Campaign, Planning and Zoning</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="61">
        <name>Outcome</name>
        <description>Rejected, Approved, Approved with Modifications</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1418">
            <text>Despite the Planning Department’s recommendation for approval, the proposal was unanimously disapproved by the planning commissioners, who held that the subdivision was not a suitable location for a cemetery.</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="64">
        <name>Last Updated</name>
        <description>Date revised.</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1419">
            <text>June 14, 2024</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
    </elementContainer>
  </itemType>
  <elementSetContainer>
    <elementSet elementSetId="1">
      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>Description</name>
          <description>An account of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1406">
              <text>The Bosnian Member Association of Clearwater applied for a special exception permit from the Hernando County Planning and Zoning Commission to use a 5.2-acre plot near the Deerhaven Estates subdivision for a green burial cemetery. The commission unanimously denied the permit, deeming a subdivision unsuitable for a cemetery. Over 20 local residents attended the meeting to voice their opposition to the project.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="39">
          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1407">
              <text>Florian Pohl</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="45">
          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1408">
              <text>Oxford College of Emory University</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1410">
              <text>Hernando County, FL</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
  </elementSetContainer>
  <tagContainer>
    <tag tagId="17">
      <name>Cemetery</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="26">
      <name>Denied</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="14">
      <name>Not Built</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="12">
      <name>Planning and Zoning</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="10">
      <name>Public Campaign</name>
    </tag>
  </tagContainer>
</item>
