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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Hasan Siddiqui of Tyrone Township addresses residents at the Nov. 14 Tyrone Township Planning Commission meeting.</text>
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                  <text>https://www.tctimes.com/news/muslim-run-cemetery-plan-revised-noise-traffic-burial-practices-addressed/article_99c21386-2c85-11e8-8a2f-f34ba4315e32.html</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This collection documents 29 cases of public opposition towards American Muslim cemetery building projects from 2002 to 2023. Each case contains a narrative that describes its events, which was compiled through analyzing newspaper archives via NewsBank and NexisUni.&#13;
&#13;
The primary challenge American Muslim communities face when establishing cemeteries is obtaining administrative approval from an entity such as a city council or board of commissioners. Residents' concerns related to groundwater contamination, lowered property values, and aesthetics often pressure authorities to deny cemetery projects. These reasons for opposition differ from those involving mosques, which tend to focus on increased traffic, violations of noise ordinances, and the potential for terrorism.&#13;
&#13;
This collection is more comprehensive than other compilations of cemetery cases, which cover a limited timeframe, are no longer current, or need to be updated (e.g., Pew Research Center 2012, Younes 2017, ACLU 2017, New America 2018, HuffPost 2024). However, it does not fully represent all controversies surrounding American Muslim cemeteries, as it focuses on post-2000 cases and does not include cases of vandalism against established cemeteries.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Ryan Wang</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Cemeteries</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Oxford College of Emory University</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Current and former Oxford College of Emory University students: Sofia Fonti, Ben Damon, Geneva Cunningham, Ameer Alnasser, Nadira Hassan, Chloe Peyrebrune, Lauren Yee, Ammarah Ahmed, Alexander Cleveland, Ehren Fernandez, Andres Lebed Wright, Bryce Bentinck, Rahim Khan Alidina, Ayman Badawy, George Drakos, Shahmeer Khan, and Snehitha Vardhineni.&#13;
&#13;
Project supervisor: Dr. Florian Pohl</text>
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    <name>Case</name>
    <description>Use this Item Type to create the case Item Pages for the U.S. Mosque Controversies site.</description>
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        <name>Case Number</name>
        <description>Enter the case number in this field using the format: Case No. XX_00 (e.g. Case No. Ga_01)</description>
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            <text>Case No. Mi_09</text>
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      <element elementId="4">
        <name>Location</name>
        <description>The location of the interview</description>
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            <text>Tyrone Township, MI</text>
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        <name>Year</name>
        <description>Year the case began.</description>
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            <text>2017</text>
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        <name>Address</name>
        <description>Enter the full address, if it is available.</description>
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          <elementText elementTextId="1398">
            <text>7155 Denton Hill Rd, Fenton, MI 48430</text>
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      <element elementId="55">
        <name>Plus Code</name>
        <description>Enter the plus code for the location, if it is available.</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1399">
            <text>P77V+CF Fenton, Michigan</text>
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      <element elementId="57">
        <name>Proposed Project</name>
        <description/>
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            <text>Development on 10 acres of land; original plan for 3,847 gravesites, later reduced to about 1,500.</text>
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      <element elementId="59">
        <name>Proposed By</name>
        <description>List the entity (legal entity or community name) that proposed the project.</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="1401">
            <text>&lt;a href="https://rawdacemetery.com/"&gt;Rawda Cemetery&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <name>Type of Opposition</name>
        <description>Public Campaign, Vandalism, Legal Action, Local Ordinance</description>
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            <text>Public Campaign</text>
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        <name>Outcome</name>
        <description>Rejected, Approved, Approved with Modifications</description>
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            <text>On June 19, 2018, the Board voted 5-0 to approve the special land use permit for the proposed 1,500-plot cemetery.</text>
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        <name>Narrative</name>
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            <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;In November 2017, Hasan Siddiqui submitted his initial plan for a ten-acre cemetery with a maximum of 3,847 gravesites on his family-owned property in Tyrone Township, MI, open to everyone, regardless of their faith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;On November 14, 34 residents attended the Tyrone Township Planning Commission’s meeting to discuss the proposed cemetery project, voicing their concerns about groundwater contamination, lowered property values, and excessive noise (Jagielo, 2017, Nov 17). Every property in the surrounding area is on a well, and neighbors believed that a traditional Muslim burial in which bodies are wrapped in a shroud and placed directly into the earth with a stone placed on top would negatively affect their water supply (Jagielo, 2018, Mar 20). In response to the residents’ concerns, Tyrone Township planner Brian Keesey stated that there is no definitive evidence of cemeteries' positive or negative effect on property values (Jagielo, 2017, Nov 17). No vote was taken at the Planning Commission meeting. The next month, Livingston County took soil borings and studied the flow and direction of the water to determine the cemetery’s effect on the neighborhood’s groundwater (Controversial “green cemetery” approved, 2018, Jun 22). Afterward, the cemetery was cleared as being safe. County regulations state that burial sites must be at least 75 feet from a residential well, which the site exceeded (Jagielo, 2018, Sep 6). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;In March 2018, Siddiqui submitted a revised proposal to the Planning Commission, which reduced the size of the cemetery to 1,589 graves, increased the amount of open space, located burial sites farther from the road, and established set hours of operation to ensure that heavy machinery would not be operated in the evening (Jagielo, 2018, Mar 20). The Planning Commission sent the proposal to Livingston County officials to clarify if the revised plan met county requirements. On June 19, the Board of Commissioners voted 5-0 to approve the special land use permit for the cemetery (Controversial “green cemetery” approved, 2018, Jun 22). Despite the approval, it was reported that opposition towards the cemetery continued at subsequent board meetings and in the local press (Jagielo, 2018, Sep 6).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;After obtaining state approval and developing the land, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://rawdacemetery.com/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Rawda Cemetery&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; has been built and is fully operational.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;References&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Controversial “green” cemetery approved in Tyrone Township. (2018, June 22). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Tri-County Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.tctimes.com/news/controversial-green-cemetery-approved-in-tyrone-township/article_13b14bd0-763c-11e8-aaed-2bb430c8593f.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Jagielo, T. (2017, November 17). Community debates proposed Muslim-run cemetery. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Tri-County Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.tctimes.com/news/community-debates-proposed-muslim-run-cemetery-concerned-that-muslims-are-buried-in-shrouds-not-vaults/article_dc88074e-cbc7-11e7-8acf-dbb82a6206c8.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Jagielo, T. (2018, March 20). Muslim-run cemetery plan revised. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Tri-County Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.tctimes.com/news/muslim-run-cemetery-plan-revised-noise-traffic-burial-practices-addressed/article_99c21386-2c85-11e8-8a2f-f34ba4315e32.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Jagielo, T. (2018, September 6). Would you live next to a “green” cemetery? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Tri-County Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.tctimes.com/news/would-you-live-next-to-a-green-cemetery/article_684eadde-b10d-11e8-b5d8-53e1d6f474cf.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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        <name>Last Updated</name>
        <description>Date revised.</description>
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            <text>June 12, 2024</text>
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          <name>Creator</name>
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              <text>Ryan Wang</text>
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              <text>Oxford College of Emory University</text>
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              <text>Tyrone Township, MI</text>
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              <text> In November 2017, the Tyrone Township Planning Commission held a public meeting at which a Muslim developer’s proposal for a green cemetery was discussed. The proposal drew critique from residents primarily concerned with the potential impact on groundwater. After commissioning an Environmental Impact Report, the developer submitted a revised proposal to the commission in March 2018. The revised plan lowered the number of burial sites, increased open space, located burial sites farther away from the property line, and established limited hours of operation. The Township Board unanimously approved the revised site plan in June 2018, though opposition continued at subsequent board meetings and in the local press.</text>
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