1 10 3 https://usmc.oxomeka.org/files/original/3100fa635c42ddba7bad71403f495f2d.jpeg 6d0db8a6e484447ac554b563f410244a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Minnesota Case Use this Item Type to create the case Item Pages for the U.S. Mosque Controversies site. Case Number Enter the case number in this field using the format: Case No. XX_00 (e.g. Case No. Ga_01) Case No. Mn_01 Location The location of the interview Bloomington, MN Year Year the case began. 2011 Address Enter the full address, if it is available. 8201 Park Avenue S, Minneapolis, MN 55420 Proposed Project The Al Farooq Youth and Family Center sought to convert a Lutheran school building to serve as an Islamic center, mosque, school, community center. 25 parking spaces were to be added. Proposed By List the entity (legal entity or community name) that proposed the project. <a href="https://www.daralfarooq.com/?fbclid=IwAR3OiPhxw6ovzTtXNFxGnGByCVDMk5TjaqWv-_SodYEtUQeydqxYAHfWaTQ">Dar al Farooq Center</a> Outcome Rejected, Approved, Approved with Modifications The project was approved under a conditional-use permit. Under this, the DFC is required to abide by the City Code as well as requirements put forth in regard to parking/traffic. Narrative Enter the narrative about the case here. Located in Bloomington, Minnesota, Dar al-Farooq Center (DFC) is the largest community center serving Muslims in Minnesota and the surrounding four states. While DFC serves a majority Black Somali population, the center’s membership is diverse, representing at least 26 countries. Controversy over the center’s presence in Bloomington began in March 2011, when a public hearing notice of Dar al-Farooq’s application for a conditional use permit was published in the local Bloomington Sun Current (Planning Division, n.d.). Dar al-Farooq sought to accommodate its growing congregation by expanding out of its smaller Minneapolis location into an empty building in Bloomington. Vacated by a Lutheran high school in 2009, the building includes a gymnasium as well as shared athletic fields and parking amenities with the city (Hank, 2011). During a Bloomington city council meeting in April 2011, council members discussed potential parking and capacity issues related to the use of the former school building by Dar al-Farooq. A day later, the council approved Dar al-Farooq’s application for use of the existing building as a community center, school, daycare, and place of assembly (Planning Division, n.d.). The approval was met with resistance during a city council meeting two weeks later from Bloomington resident Sally Ness. Ness claimed that Bloomington city council members approved Dar al-Farooq’s application out of fear of a lawsuit rather than the “facts specifically regarding capacity” (Mayer-Bruestle, 2016). She voiced additional concerns about capacity-related issues such as increased traffic she felt would make the neighborhood unsafe for children. Responding to the limited community resistance, Hyder Aziz, executive director of Dar al-Farooq, said in an interview with the Bloomington Sun Current that “[p]art of [DFC]’s mission will be to coexist with neighborhood residents and respond to concerns that are raised when the building is in operation” (Hank, 2011). In August 2011, the sale of the school building to Dar al-Farooq was finalized (Planning Division, n.d.). As the center opened its doors in 2012, complaints about its operations and membership bubbled up among community members whose comments were used by anti-Muslim actors to amplify the controversy. In September, prominent Blogger Pamela Geller published a letter from an anonymous Smith Park resident on her blog that claimed DFC was disrupting neighborhood peace, specifically by creating increased traffic and noise, and that mosque-goers were harassing neighborhood residents. In 2015, a community-wide discussion of how DFC’s facilities should be used, involving both mosque-goers and other residents of Bloomington, prompted the city to address DFC’s place within Bloomington. In March 2015, the city of Bloomington reached an agreement with the center to clarify the shared use of DFC’s facilities (Hanks, 2015). This laid out terms of use for indoor DFC facilities, an outdoor athletic field, community gardens, and Smith Park as a whole. Despite this agreement, a small number of local residents continued to resist DFC’s presence, questioning whether it abided by the conditions set forth by its conditional-use permit. In a 2016 city council meeting, the “Friends of Smith Park'' group submitted a petition signed by four residents that called for the enforcement of DFC’s permit conditions by the City of Bloomington. Citing traffic and noise concerns, the group claimed that the city had violated the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) by allowing DFC to operate outside its permit conditions (Hanks, 2016). No action was taken by the city in response to the petition. In November 2016, Mosques in America: A Guide to Accountable Permit Hearings and Continuing Citizen Oversight was published by the Center for Security Policy, an anti-Muslim think tank, discussing how readers can prevent the building of mosques in their neighborhoods. Within the book, the Center for Security Policy accuses DFC of deceiving city officials in order to move into Bloomington. Since the opening of the center in 2012, community and city government resistance has been limited while external agitation has grown steadily. On August 5, 2017, Emily Claire Hari, Michael McWhorter, and Joe Morris carried out a non-fatal bombing attack at DFC. Emily Claire Hari was convicted on federal hate crime charges and sentenced to life in prison for her role in the attack (Department of Justice, 2021). In 2020, an imam was attacked (Peters, 2021). In 2021, the mosque’s operations were interrupted by an intruder (ibid.). Dar al-Farooq continues to operate out of its Bloomington location. References <ul> <li>Department of Justice. (2021, September 13). Dar-al Farooq mosque bomber sentenced to 53 years in prison. Available at <a href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/dar-al-farooq-mosque-bomber-sentenced-53-years-prison">https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/dar-al-farooq-mosque-bomber-sentenced-53-years-prison. </a></li> <li>Hanks, M. (2016, August 3). Bloomington neighborhood formalizes concerns regarding Islamic center. Bloomington Sun-Current (Eden Prairie, MN). Available at <a href="https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_current/news/local/bloomington-neighborhood-formalizes-concerns-regarding-islamic-center/article_92155a51-8734-5eac-80b6-949ef35064aa.html">https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_current/news/local/bloomington-neighborhood-formalizes-concerns-regarding-islamic-center/article_92155a51-8734-5eac-80b6-949ef35064aa.html</a>.</li> <li>Hanks, M. (2015, March 12). Bloomington, Al Farooq approved revised agreement. Bloomington Sun-Current (Eden Prairie, MN). Available at <a href="https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_current/news/local/bloomington-al-farooq-approved-revised-agreement/article_508ab17e-f1f1-5dc6-9928-5d6549a99a72.html">https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_current/news/local/bloomington-al-farooq-approved-revised-agreement/article_508ab17e-f1f1-5dc6-9928-5d6549a99a72.html</a>.</li> <li>Hanks, M. (2011, November 30). Bloomington City Council approves platting for Muslim community center. Bloomington Sun-Current (Eden Prairie, MN). Available from <a href="https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.library.emory.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=WORLDNEWS&req_dat=0D0CB4F3D1A01B2A&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F13B5F538AD5F3818">NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current</a>.</li> <li>Mayer-Bruestle, A. (2016, July 26). MN Neighborhood Group says Mosque is Overusing Local Park. Alpha News. Available at <a href="https://alphanews.org/mosque-neighbors-petition-council/">https://alphanews.org/mosque-neighbors-petition-council/</a>.</li> <li>Peters, J. (2021, April 9). Man apprehended by police at Dar Al Farooq Mosque after entering during Friday prayers. Sahan Journal. Available at <a href="https://sahanjournal.com/news/dar-al-farooq-arrest-minnesota/">https://sahanjournal.com/news/dar-al-farooq-arrest-minnesota</a>.</li> <li>Planning Division. (n.d.). Al-Farooq Youth and Family Center (AFYFC). Available at <a href="https://www.bloomingtonmn.gov/plan/al-farooq-youth-and-family-center-afyfc">https://www.bloomingtonmn.gov/plan/al-farooq-youth-and-family-center-afyfc</a>.</li> </ul> Last Updated Date revised. March 20, 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource In 2011, a Lutheran school building in Bloomington, MN was converted into the Dar al Farooq Center. Since then, there have been controversies over the center’s disruption of the lives of other residents, as well as how facilities should be shared among mosque-goers and the general Bloomington public. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Parrish, Natalia Ruich, and Ananya Singh Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Title A name given to the resource Bloomington, MN Adaptive Reuse Approved Built Crimes Against People Crimes Against Property Islamic Center Prior Church Use Public Campaign REL383_SP22 https://usmc.oxomeka.org/files/original/ddc135627e3c3847cd25a404d4b44f16.jpeg 4bf8dc30699729742781000374aa84a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Minnesota Case Use this Item Type to create the case Item Pages for the U.S. Mosque Controversies site. Year Year the case began. 2013 Address Enter the full address, if it is available. 8710 Central Ave NE, Blaine MN, 55434 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brandi Cox, Azia Mitchell, and Amanda Sotolongo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Title A name given to the resource Blaine, MN REL383_SP22 https://usmc.oxomeka.org/files/original/7b7adce9fe578de7f200966c60dfb481.jpg a9de4e7d346141f522cc38b9e7ddbf46 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Minnesota Case Use this Item Type to create the case Item Pages for the U.S. Mosque Controversies site. Case Number Enter the case number in this field using the format: Case No. XX_00 (e.g. Case No. Ga_01) Case No. Mn_04 Location The location of the interview St. Anthony, MN Date 2012-2014 Summary Enter a brief description of the case (no more than 600 characters). This should be one or two sentences. After the denial of a conditional use permit for an Islamic center in St. Anthony, Minnesota, Muslim community leaders request a DOJ probe to investigate bias. City officials claim denial is based on a zoning conflict because the property is located in an area zoned for light-industrial use. The Muslim community alleges unequal treatment and files a federal RLUIPA lawsuit. Two years later, the DOJ also sues St. Anthony for RLUIPA violation. The city eventually settles both lawsuits, allowing the Islamic Center to occupy parts of the property it purchased and reserving other parts for commercial use. Address Enter the full address, if it is available. 3055 Old Hwy 8, St. Anthony, 55418 MN Plus Code Enter the plus code for the location, if it is available. 2QFR+J5 St Anthony, Minnesota Proposed Project Islamic center Proposed By List the entity (legal entity or community name) that proposed the project. Abu-Huraira Islamic Center Type of Opposition Public Campaign, Vandalism, Legal Action, Local Ordinance Administrative denial; legislation Outcome Rejected, Approved, Approved with Modifications approved (with restrictions, after lawsuit and settlement) Narrative Enter the narrative about the case here. At a planning commission meeting on Tuesday, March 20, 2012, supporters of the proposed Abu-Huraira Islamic Center (AHIC) voiced their frustrations over the city’s decision to delay their plans by removing discussion of their application for a Conditional Use Permit from the meeting agenda. The proposed Islamic Center would be about 15-000 square feet and would occupy a former Medtronic building (French, 2012). At this meeting, supporters said they had worked with city officials throughout every phase of the project, but were frustrated when the city delayed the project to consider zoning issues at the site of the project. The zoning issues city officials were concerned over involved the question of whether a religious facility could operate in an area zoned for light-industrial use. A week prior, on March 13th, the St. Anthony City Council unanimously approved Resolution 12-037 that placed “a moratorium on Conditional Use Permits for assemblies, meeting lodges, or convention halls in the Light Industrial Zoning District to study whether to impose additional amendments to the Code” (City Council Minutes, 2012, March 13). This moratorium allowed city officials to suspend conditional use zoning permits. Chair Heinis of the Planning Commission clarified that the AHIC’s application would be taken up at a future meeting within the city’s 120-day statutory time frame for action on applications, after the City’s study had been completed. In a special meeting on June 4th, 2012, the St. Anthony City Planning Commission approved the project. Following this, a vote was set for June 12th for the city council to approve the project. At this June 12th meeting, residents made “disparaging remarks” about the project during the public comments section prior to the vote (Mohr, 2012). One speaker, John Murlowski, is quoted as saying: “Islam is evil. There’s no other religion in the world that endorses violence” before he was cut off by Mayor Jerry Faust (French, 2012). The Islamic Center was rejected on a 4-1 to vote. The next day, on June 13th, the Council for American Islamic Relations-Minnesota asked the DOJ to conduct a probe into the city council’s vote as a potential violation of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA). On October 29th, 2012 the United States Department of Justice announced that it had begun an official civil rights investigation over the rejection of the Islamic Center. Supporters of the mosque applauded the decision. After almost two years of investigation by the U.S. attorney’s office in Minneapolis, the U.S. Department of Justice US announced on August 27, 2014 that it had filed an RLUIPA lawsuit against the city. The lawsuit alleged that the city had violated RLUIPA’s Equal Terms provision by allowing general assemblies but not religious ones and, as a result, that the city had imposed a substantial burden on the Abu-Huraira Islamic Center by denying their application. At a news conference in Minneapolis, the attorney general for the District of Minnesota, Andrew Luger, reiterated the DOJ’s reasoning that the city had violated the Islamic Center’s civil rights saying,“Under the same zoning language, the city had allowed other assemblies in the same neighborhood, including a union hall and a church” (Rathbun, 2014). This was the first time the DOJ had brought an RLUIPA case against a Minnesota city. It followed several other cases in the state where counties and municipalities had denied Muslim communities permits for houses of worship or schools (e.g., in Blaine, Plymouth, Wilmar, and Bloomington). On December 9th, 2014, the city and the government reached a settlement, allowing a Planned Use Development at the property that the Islamic Center purchased. The Planned Use Development agreement allows Abu-Huraira to occupy the St. Anthony Business Center for religious services. The settlement also stipulates that the city will not discriminate against Abu-Huraira or any other religious groups based on zoning laws and that city officials must receive training about RLUIPA. Year Year the case began. 2012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. Anthony, MN Description An account of the resource A documented account of Case No. MN_04, occurring in St. Anthony, MN 55418 from 2012 to 2014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stewart Zelnick Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University DOJ Lawsuit (RLUIPA)